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RUMBURAK'S HOME PAGEI'm just a simple man trying to make my way through the universe |
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testing the first sketch BASIC date - print or set the system date and time uname - print system information arch - print machine architecture HARDWARE dmesg - print or control the kernel ring buffer lsusb - list USB devices lspci - list all PCI devices cardctl - PCMCIA card control utility pccardctl - PCMCIA card control utility NET ifconfig - configure a network interface ip iwconfig - configure a wireless network interface ethtool mii-tool - view, manipulate media-independent interface status FILE SYSTEMS free - Display amount of free and used memory in the system df - report file system disk space usage mount fdisk - Partition table manipulator for Linux pvscan - scan all disks for physical volumes vgscan - scan all disks for volume groups and rebuild caches lvscan - scan (all disks) for logical volumes FILES locate - list files in databases that match a pattern whereis - locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command pwd - print name of current/working directory ls - list directory contents find - search for files in a directory hierarchy file - determine file type du - estimate file space usage USERS & NET whoami - print effective userid groups - print the groups a user is in hostname - show or set the system’s host name dnsdomainname - show the system’s DNS domain name id - print user identity last, lastb - show listing of last logged in users lastlog - reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user w - Show who is logged on and what they are doing. finger - user information lookup program ps - report a snapshot of the current processes top - display Linux tasks fuser - identify processes using files or sockets strace - trace system calls and signals nice - run a program with modified scheduling priority renice - alter priority of running processes netstat - Print network connections, routingtables,... route - show / manipulate the IP routing table rpcinfo - report RPC information date - print or set the system date and time date Sat Feb 23 13:35:14 CET 2008 date Sat Mar 1 23:56:16 GMT 2008 date -u print or set Coordinated Universal Time Sat Mar 1 23:58:25 UTC 2008 date +%:z +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00) +00:00 date +%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT) GMT uname - print system information uname -a Linux rumburak 2.6.22 #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon May 01 31:01:08 UTC 2006 i686 GNU/Linux -a, --all print all information, in the following order, except omit -p and -i if unknown: -s, --kernel-name print the kernel name -n, --nodename print the network node hostname -r, --kernel-release print the kernel release -v, --kernel-version print the kernel version -m, --machine print the machine hardware name -p, --processor print the processor type or "unknown"man df -i, --hardware-platform print the hardware platform or "unknown" -o, --operating-system print the operating system arch - print machine architecture ( arch is equivalent to uname -m) # arch i686 dmesg - print or control the kernel ring buffer lsusb - list USB devices lspci - list all PCI devices cardctl - PCMCIA card control utility pccardctl - PCMCIA card control utility new systems may use pccardctl cardctl status cardctl info ifconfig - configure a network interface ip bt ~ # ip a 1: lo: link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 2: eth0: link/ether 00:18:f3:fe:74:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: wlan0: link/ether 00:15:af:0c:de:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff iwconfig - configure a wireless network interface lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. ethtool mii-tool - view, manipulate media-independent interface status mii-tool -v eth0: no link product info: *** basic mode: autonegotiation enabled basic status: no link capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD advertising: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control free - Display amount of free and used memory in the system total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 507164 380752 126412 0 21208 177012 -/+ buffers/cache: 182532 324632 Swap: 875532 0 875532 df - report file system disk space usage df -h (human readable) mount - mount a file system umount - umount a file system fdisk - Partition table manipulator for Linux fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 2550 20482843+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 2551 5160 20964825 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 5161 17908 102398310 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda4 17909 30401 100350022+ 7 HPFS/NTFS The device is usually one of the following: /dev/hda /dev/hdb /dev/sda /dev/sdb (/dev/hd[a-h] for IDE disks, /dev/sd[a-p] for SCSI disks, /dev/ed[a-d] for ESDI disks, /dev/xd[ab] for XT disks). A device name refers to the entire disk. pvscan - scan all disks for physical volumes pvscan PV /dev/mapper/pvcrypt VG vgcrypt lvm2 [36.15 GB / 31.49 GB free] Total: 1 [36.15 GB] / in use: 1 [36.15 GB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ] vgscan - scan all disks for volume groups and rebuild caches vgscan Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... Found volume group "vgcrypt" using metadata type lvm2 lvscan - scan (all disks) for logical volumes lvscan ACTIVE '/dev/vgcrypt/home' [64.00 MB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vgcrypt/root' [192.00 MB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vgcrypt/var' [752.00 MB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vgcrypt/tmp' [64.00 MB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vgcrypt/usr' [2.00 GB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vgcrypt/swap' [632.00 MB] inherit locate - list files in databases that match a pattern whereis - locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command whereis perl perl: /usr/bin/perl /etc/perl /usr/lib/perl /usr/X11R6/bin/perl /usr/bin/X11/perl /usr/share/perl /usr/share/man/man1/perl.1.gz pwd - print name of current/working directory pwd /root ls - list directory contents ls ls -l |more .... -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2293 2008-01-08 12:14 cdrom.txt ... # recursive listing files in directory ls -RshF >>/root/notes.txt ls -Rsh --file-type >>/root/cdrom.txt -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively -s, --size with -l, print size of each file, in blocks -h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries --file-type likewise, except do not append `*' # directory listing without internet _files ls -RF | grep / | grep -v _files find - search for files in a directory hierarchy find *.txt file - determine file type file root root:directory file /root file *.png 55e4b9.png: PNG image data, 359 x 325, 8-bit/color RGB, non-interlaced heavily-guarded.png: PNG image data, 482 x 130, 8-bit colormap, non-interlaced santana.png: PNG image data, 800 x 800, 16-bit/color RGBA, non-interlaced du - estimate file space usage Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories. whoami - print effective userid groups - print the groups a user is in bt ~ # groups root bin daemon sys adm disk wheel floppy hostname - show or set the system’s host name root@avalon:~# hostname avalon dnsdomainname - show the system’s DNS domain name id - print user identity Print information for USERNAME, or the current user. root@avalon:~# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) last, lastb - show listing of last logged in users last root pts/0 :0.0 Sat Mar 1 23:55 still logged in root tty1 Sat Mar 1 23:54 still logged in reboot system boot 2.6.21.5 Sat Mar 1 23:53 (00:25) root tty1 Sat Mar 1 18:22 - down (00:05) reboot system boot 2.6.21.5 Sat Mar 1 18:21 (00:06) root tty1 Sat Jan 12 22:54 - down (00:04) reboot system boot 2.6.21.5 Sat Jan 12 22:53 (00:04) root :0 Sat Jan 12 22:23 - crash (00:30) reboot system boot 2.6.21.5 Sat Jan 12 22:23 (00:35) root tty1 Sat Dec 8 13:05 - crash (35+09:17) reboot system boot 2.6.21.5 Sat Dec 8 13:05 (35+09:53) root tty1 Sat Dec 8 13:01 - down (00:03) root tty1 Sat Dec 8 12:57 - 13:01 (00:03) reboot system boot 2.6.21.5 Sat Dec 8 12:57 (00:07) lastlog - reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user lastlog Username Port From Latest root :0 Sat Feb 23 13:33:05 +0100 2008 daemon **Never logged in** ... w - Show who is logged on and what they are doing. w 13:55:38 up 23 min, 2 users, load average: 0.24, 0.25, 0.19 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT root :0 - 13:33 ?xdm? 27.36s 0.42s /usr/bin/gnome- root pts/0 :0.0 13:33 0.00s 0.09s 0.00s w finger - user information lookup program finger Login Name Tty Idle Login Time Office Office Phone root root *:0 Feb 23 13:33 root root pts/0 Feb 23 13:33 (:0.0) quota ?? ps - report a snapshot of the current processes. ps PID TTY TIME CMD 5393 pts/0 00:00:00 bash 6572 pts/0 00:00:00 ps top - display Linux tasks SYNOPSIS top -hv | -bcHisS -d delay -n iterations -p pid [, pid ...] The traditional switches ’-’ and whitespace are optional. DESCRIPTION The top program provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system. It can display system summary information as well as a list of tasks currently being managed by the Linux kernel. lsof - list open files fuser - identify processes using files or sockets strace - trace system calls and signals nice - run a program with modified scheduling priority renice - alter priority of running processes netstat - Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships route - show / manipulate the IP routing table rpcinfo - report RPC information rpcinfo -p localhost program vers proto port 100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper 100000 2 udp 111 portmapper 100024 1 udp 32769 status 100024 1 tcp 40627 status |
a bit funny code , prepared with NVU
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